The Career Of Clinical Medicine - 868 Words

As a candidate who previously had worked in the Department of Internal Medicine for several years as clinician, resident, and research scholar, I am committed to embrace the rigorous challenges and to excel in every tier to become an excellent physician. A career in clinical medicine has always been my inspiration; however, I chose to avail myself from basic science and translational researches before completing residency training in the hope of gaining experience that would make me all rounded, and, ultimately, a better physician. As an aspiring academic scholar, and as I prepare for my journey towards this goal, I followed a stimulating intellectual path that promotes lifelong learning and what I hope will prove to be a long and rewarding feat. I have always possessed a strong interest in understanding the intricacies of biology, which had influenced one of the most important decisions of my life; joining medical school. As much as it was an enjoyable day-to-day learning process, during the clinical years, I particularly relish my internal medicine rotation experience that involved intricate thought processes in understanding, diagnosing, and managing patients with complex diseases. I was inspired by the way the internists were treating patients, their bedside manner, as well as their holistic and dynamic approach to treat patients. That experience certainly kindled my interest in internal medicine; the more I learned, the more I wanted to join the department. During myShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of Clinical Medicine849 Words   |  4 Pageshad worked in the department of Internal Medicine for several years as clinician, resident, and research scholar, I know that residency training requires absolute commitment to excel in every tier to become an excellent physician and take responsibility to reach out to others in need. A career in clinical medicine has always been my inspiration; however, I chose to avail myself from basic science and translational researches before completing internal medicine residency training in the hope of gainingRead MoreMy Long Term Goals Of College Admission810 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Statement Content My long term goal is to pursue a career as a General Internal Medicine and complete a Gastroenterology Fellowship. To me, this means delivering state-of-the-art clinical care to my patients while contributing to the evolution of medicine through education and research. I have wanted to be a doctor since childhood. To me, being a doctor means goodness of the heart and dedication to healing. My parents valued education and rigorous work ethics. They taught me that I couldRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Patient774 Words   |  4 Pagescontinued my journey in internal medicine and hematology, I realized that ethical practice and empathy are the essence of medicine every single day. My interest in Internal Medicine developed during my 12 month long internship at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, the largest teaching hospital serving patients with all types of medical complaints from all over Bangladesh. Each admission day, I was enthralled by the diversity of problems and the complexity of clinical presentations of the diseases. Read MoreMy Decision For Pursue Career Ambitions913 Words   |  4 PagesMy decision to pursue career ambitions in internal medicine did not come in a moment of blinding revelation, but rather a series of experiences that started during my childhood. Ever since childhood, I had a deep fascination for art work and being an astute observer of the environment and human nature, I often put my perception onto small pieces of arts and illustrations. I always felt that art has the power to brighten the souls and fascinate the disenchanted world. The most fascinating piece ofRead MoreSeeking The Wisdom That Will Can Your Knot857 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I decided to pursue a career in medicine. With the start of medical school, studying basic sciences opened a door to the world enriched with years and years of research. With each passing semester, I gained more knowledge about the biochemical, physiological and anatomical aspects of medicine. The more knowledge I acquired, the more eager I became to apply what I had learnt into clinical practice. Those two years formed the foundation upon which my love for medicine began to flourish. I was exposedRead MoreDr. Sherlock Holmes Series991 Words   |  4 Pagesand have been at the heart of my journey in the field of medicine. Curiosity towards everything has always been inherent in me, which probably shaped my hobbies that mostly consisted of mind games, puzzles and detective novels like the Sherlock Holmes series. But my inquisitiveness was channelized into gaining useful knowledge after listening to Steve Jobs and it naturally transformed into me choosing the field of Internal Medicine as my career choice. Sherlock Holmes once said, â€Å"There is nothing moreRead MoreEssay about Pusuing a Career in Medicine and Public Health885 Words   |  4 Pagesall else. I thought I should create my own identity, and I believed that the best way to do this was to avoid the work that my parents did. My mother was a doctor, and that was enough to make me rule out ever entering the profession. Instead of medicine, I planned to pursue work in the sciences. I had always enjoyed studying for my science classes. I had even showed some aptitude for the subject, both in class and in the laboratory. And from a young age I had believed that I should use whateverRead MoreEssay on My Path to Public Health1267 Words   |  6 Pagesin Biology and took Pre-Professional Medicine courses in order to study more about our body and the mechanisms that occur inside of us. When I transferred to NYU, I changed my major to economics because I was also interested in the ways that humans are more than just biological entities--they experience desire and express that desire on a daily basis when they purchase commodities. My undergraduate volunteer experience cemented my interest in clinical medicine, while making me realize that a publicRead MoreMy Pursuit For A Career872 Words   |  4 PagesFrom an early age, I was exposed to medicine through my father, a radiologist, and as I grew, the influence of his career naturally and inevitably tailored my interest. It has been my own desire, however, that has compelled me to pursue a career in medicine. The summer after my sophomore year in high school, my family took a trip to our native town in India. For two months, I volunteered at the Charity Foundation in India, and the experiences I had there resonated deeply in me, changing my perspectivesRead MoreThe Life Of The Same Boat751 Words   |  4 Pagespushed me to give a hand towards betterment of humanity utilizing my clinical skills to help prolong and improve the quality of life. This zeal drove me to be a part of multiple welfare projects and activities. The desire to excel served as a stimulant fo r me to be an overachiever and become the pioneer doctor in the family. My mother, who could not finish her education, has been my greatest moral support throughout. After getting clinical exposure, I discovered that this noble profession has no parallel

Fossils Categorized As Archaic Homo Sapiens Essay Example For Students

Fossils Categorized As Archaic Homo Sapiens Essay STUDY GUIDE 91.Describe general characteristics of fossils categorized as Archaic homo sapiens, their temporal and geographic range. Exclude Neandertals. Discuss some of the problems associated with the understanding of this fossil taxon. (a) Increased cranial capacity(b) Appear more similar to modern humans(c) Reduced face, less prognathic, greater frontal lobe(d) Thick cranial bones, no chinArchaic fossils have been found in Europe, Africa and Asia. Problems arise because there is very little fossil record and they are too young to date with pot/argon and too old to date with radiocarbon. 2.Over time neandertals have been considered both extremely primitive and nearly modern. Discuss morphological characteristics that distinguish them from both Homo Erectus and anatomically modern sapiens. What does post-cranial morphology indicate about their life histories and life ways in general?MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES:1. Larger brains than modern humans2. Shape of the skulls differed, football shaped3. Flat front4. Bulge in the back of the skull5. No chin6. Large face and prognathicPOST CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY:1 very robust2. Heavily muscled3. Barrel shaped rib cage4. Very strong handsThey appear to be built to endure very cold co nditions, they lived during descent into a full glacial period. They needed to be able to conserve heat in a very strenuous environment. 3.Fossil evidence indicates that neadertals were extinct by 25,000 years ago. Identify features of their skeletal morphology, mortality profiles and apparent life ways that might explain their disappearance from the fossil record. Neadertals were very robust, short limbs, barreled rib cage and strong hands that required high levels of calories to survive. They lived very short lives and they exhibited bone fractures and cranial injuries. Bone fractures consistent with rodeo cowboys, suggests that they were taking large prey. They juvenile mortality rate was high also, which points towards the idea that life was very difficult, too difficult for most to survive. 4.Richard Klein and Lewis Binford have taken opposite stands regarding neadertal hunting capabilities. Outline their arguments. Select and defend one position. KLEIN: Claims neanderatls were proficient hunters by the accumulation bison bone in one place, points toward the idea that neandertals were targeting them. The species found were too abundant to be found in one place, unless they were being killed. Also some stone tool marks on meatiest part of bone suggests that they werent left by scavengers but killed by neandertals. BINFORD: claims that neandertals were only scavengers, most of the bones found were only skull and feet bones. Thus pointing towards the idea that they were killing small prey and scavenging large already made kills. 5.What does the fossil record suggest regarding religious practices and altruistic behavior among neandertal populations? Is the fossil record consistent with respect to these issues?It suggests that neandertals cared for disabled, evidence shows disabilities that required care by other members of the group. Burial recovery of skeletons with bone fractures that suggest they were being cared for, they survived where they would not have without help. Also evidence that they buried their dead, bodies have been found in association of goods. Suggests religious practice and altruistic behavior, contemporary to modern human populations. The Fossil record is consistent to the point where we can assume they were taking care of them, if monkeys and apes can do it so could Neandertals. Political Science

William Tecumseh Sherman Was Born On May 8, 1820 In Lancaster, Essays

William Tecumseh Sherman was born on May 8, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio. He was educated at the U.S. Military Academy and later went on to become a Union General in the U.S. civil war. Sherman resigned from the army in 1853 and became a partner in a banking firm in San Francisco. He became the president of the Military College in Louisiana(now Louisiana state University) from 1859-1861. Sherman offered his services at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 and was put in command of a volunteer infantry regiment, becoming a brigadier general of volunteers after the first Battle of bull run. He led his division at the Battle of Shiloh and was then promoted to major general of volunteers. Soon after Sherman fought in the battle of Chattanooga he was made supreme commander of the armies in the west. Sherman fought many battles with such people as Ulysses S. Grant, and against people such as Robert E. Lee before he was commissioned lieutenant general of the regular army. Following Grants election to presidency he was promoted to the rank of full general and given command of the entire U.S. Army. William Sherman published his personal memoirs in 1875, retired in 1883, and died in 1891. William Tecumseh Sherman, as you have read, was a very talented and very successful man. He is remembered by many accomplishments, but probably most remembered by his famous March to the sea. Sherman's march to the sea was probably the most celebrated military action, in which about sixty thousand men marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the Atlantic ocean, then north through South Carolina destroying the last of the souths economic resources. Bedford Forrest was in Tennessee, and with Atlanta secured, Sherman dispatched George H. Thomas to Nashville to restore the order there. John B. Hood threatened Thomas's supply line, and for about a month, they both fought north of Atlanta. Sherman decided to do the complete opposite of what the strategic plan laid down by Grant six months earlier had proposed to do. In that plan Grant had insisted that Confederate armies were the first and foremost objectives for Union strategy. What Sherman decided now was that he would completely ignore the Confederate armies and go for the "spirit that sustained the Confederate nation itself", the homes, the property, the families, and the food of the Southern heartland. He would march for Savannah, Georgia and the seacoast, abandoning his own line of supply, and live off the land and harvests of the Georgia Country. Grant finally approved Sherman's plan, so Sherman set off on his march eastward, "smashing things to the sea." On November 15, 1864, Sherman began his march to the sea. "I can make . . . Georgia howl!" he promised. Sherman left Atlanta, setting it up in flames as they left, with 62,000 men, 55,000 of them on foot, 5,000 on cavalry horses, and about 2,000 riding artillery horses. It was an army of 218 regiments, 184 of them from the West, and of these 155 were from the old Northwest Territory. This army was remembered as a lean and strong one. The bulk of the army was made up of Germans, Irish, Scotch, and English. Sherman and his army arrived in Georgia where there was no opposition, and the march was very leisurely. The army fanned out widely, covering a sixty mile span from one side to the other. The army destroyed, demolished and crushed whatever got in their way, the land, homes, buildings, and people. Bridges, railroads, machine shops, warehouses- anything of this nature that was in Shaman's path was burned and destroyed. As a result of this march eliminating a lot of the food to feed the Confederate army and its animals, the whole Confederate war effort would become weaker and weaker and weaker. Sherman went on toward the sea while the Confederacy could do nothing. Sherman's march to the sea was a demonstration that the Confederacy could not protect its own. Many agree that Sherman was too brutal and cruel during the march to the sea, but Sherman and his men were effectively demolishing the Confederate homeland, and that was all that mattered to Sherman. Because Sherman "waged an economic war against civilians", he has been called the first modern general. Sherman is remembered by some as one of the best generals of the U.S. Civil War, and by others(mainly whom live in the south) as a cruel, brutal, horrible, and evil man. William Tecumseh Sherman is believed to have coined the phrase, "War is hell." "There is many a boy here who looks

The Diffusion of a Cell

The Diffusion of a Cell Summary The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of cholesterol on diffusion properties. Scholars use multiple methods to show the movement of the cholesterol particle to diffusion point. The use of solvents and fluorescence microscopy aimed to show the biophysical mechanism in the diffusion process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Diffusion of a Cell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cholesterol is an important player in the lipid composition comprising the cell membrane. Alteration in cell membrane and cholesterol concentration affect receptor protein as well as the cell. By changing many proteins, cholesterol favors the inactive conformation of the photoreceptor rhodopsin. Cholesterol has a few other purposes such as the functioning of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The objective of this study was to showcase the importance of diffusion to the cell growth, survival, motility adhesio n, and proliferation. Cholesterol plays a key role, and its depletion may lead to a decrease in integrin that affects the functionality of the cell. The research divulged the underlying biophysical system behind cholesterol’s impacts on the diffusion of ever-present group of receptors known as integrins. General Comments The biophysical mechanism process in cholesterol may not have been well known. Nevertheless, by use of live cell imaging and with the help of a combination of solvents one can identify the working behind the process. The goal of this research was to show the effects of cholesterol on living cells. Besides, the study aimed at showing the influence of cholesterol on human body that comprises numerous cells (Geffen 146). The study achieved this goal through the use of Single Particle Tracking that entails observing the diffusion of a particle in the cell. The researchers used photobleaching and enhanced the particles using fluorescence. The research also focused on restoration of cholesterol-depleted cells with exogenous Cholesterol. The study signified the ability of epicholestrol to substitute cholesterol (Finegold 106). The rate of diffusion is measured using Single Particle Tracking (SPT) after photobleaching. The materials and method utilized in the research included a cell culture and bleaching solvents. The method used involved cholesterol depletion, restoration, and substitution. The researchers exposed the cell to the heat as a way to get sufficient results. The cells were first washed in a serum-free medium to remove cyclodextrin (Wilson and Hunt 88). There was also extraction of lipid to measure the quantity of cholesterol. Imaging was done using a PhotonMax camera to assist in the Single Particle Tracking. The images showed total cellular and membrane cholesterol concentration as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pap er with 15% OFF Learn More The study signified the importance of imaging process in â€Å"generating reliable average diffusion coefficients† (Dudek 67).  The study’s findings showed that a complete recovery of membrane cholesterol cannot be achieved despite a high total cellular cholesterol concentration. The Single Particle Tracking approach demonstrated the dynamics of integrin under different conditions. It showed a decrease in the amount of mobile integrin after cholesterol depletion and increase after cholesterol restoration. It may be argued that this experiment showed the effect of the single dot in the diffusion measurements as showed by STP. The integrins bound to ligand-coated quantum dots display the effects of diffusion. The study proved that integrin distribution is confined to cholesterol zones. According to the study, cholesterol depletion influences integrin diffusion coefficient. The instantaneous distribution varies significantly at different times in the confinement regions. The conclusion is that cholesterol regulates integrin diffusion by changing the physical properties of the membrane. Epicholestrol yielded similar integrin diffusion properties as those measured after restoration. The research verified that there is no difference in the average diffusion coefficient of mobile integrins inside or outside the confined zones after restoration. Criticism The rate of diffusion of a cell allows it to grow and multiply where necessary. The research shows the distribution in cells and their membrane. Lipids make up a great part of the cell and cholesterol is a major component of lipids. By measuring the rate of diffusion through the membrane of a cell, one can identify the absorption rate. Such an experiment can shed light on nutrient uptake in living cells that affects cell growth (Barrett and Donowitz 157). The methods used in this research will go a long way towards facilitating the establishment of different diagnostic and treatment procedures. They will enable doctors to establish appropriate diagnosis of patients in troubling cases. In nutrition, the levels of cholesterol in a particular diet are necessary, and the rate of diffusion in cells can determine how much cholesterol a diet requires. The experiment recognized and identified the effects of other biophysical processes that may be attributed to diffusion (Starr et al. 89). In future, the research can be used in understanding cell metabolism and development in cancer research.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Diffusion of a Cell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research also brought out the aspect of diffusion rate of integrin and cholesterol. Besides, it pointed out other ways in which cell metabolism can be evaluated using Single Particle Tracking method. The research was well carried out, and the cells were treated to prevent contamination. The results were conclusive and supported using scholarly and peer-reviewed articles. The imaging process was clear and precise. The future research should focus on nutrition and cell biology in a deeper sense. Barrett, Kim, and M. Donowitz. Gastrointestinal Transport, San Diego: Academic Press, 2010. Print. Dudek, Ronald. High-Yield, Cell Molecular Biology, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2006. Print. Finegold, Leonard. Cholesterol in Membrane Models, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2007. Print. Geffen, Amit. Cellular and Bimolecular Mechanics and Mechanobiology, Berlin: Springer, 2011. Print. Starr, Cecie, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers and Lisa Starr. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. Australia: Brooks Cole, 2012. Print. Wilson, John, and T. Hunt. Molecular Biology of the Cell, New York: Garland Pub., 2011. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Can Boeing strategy help in increase the number of upcoming orders Case Study

Can Boeing strategy help in increase the number of upcoming orders - Case Study Example The company has a global customer base in around 90 companies. Talking in regards to the number of manpower and human resource engaged with Boeing, it can be said that the company employs more than 150,000 employees all over the world. The company also has a large network of suppliers, who are located in various corners of the world. It is very important to say that these suppliers plays a crucial role in the entire manufacturing process of the company, by providing various critical and key components that are required for smooth conduction of various production related operations in the global aerospace company (Annual report 2). It is important to mention that after the disastrous attacks on the World Trade Centre in the year 2001, by multiple foreign based Islamic terrorists, it can be said that the airline sector all over the world has undergone a huge change. Various key factors as well as the economics related to supply and demand of passenger traffic and other businesses have started to evolve over the last couple of years. This has resulted in the process of undergoing of significant change in the overall aviation sector. It is utterly relevant to state that major airline manufacturing companies like Boeing and Airbus have as a result designed various strategies to help them retain their competitive edge while maintaining profitability in the changing aviation business environment. This particular commentary will focus on analyzing the issues of strategic plan designed by Boeing to retain competitiveness in the market. For this purpose, the commentary will be done on the basis of data taken from various reliable secondary data sources. Findings It will be relevant to discuss the fact that in the scenario of a dynamically changing business environment, the firms and companies engaged and associated directly or indirectly with that particular sector have to ideate and formulate different strategies so as to cater to the changing and evolving needs of the sector. Talking on this note, it can be said that the airline manufacture of global repute has formulated and designed a new strategy that will help to adapt the company with the changing demands of the airline sector. Change of Capacity Plans A vital part of the new strategic plan of Boeing comprises of the company’s consideration of the need of the passengers travelling long distances all over the world. The airline has realized that passengers prefer to travel in direct flights connecting various long distances rather than travelling through compulsive breaks while switching multiple airlines. This has resulted in the company opting to back down from manufacturing airliners with larger capacities as compared to the already existing ones (Wyans, â€Å"Boeing and Airbus: Strategic Management in the Air Travel Industry†). Global Outsourcing strategy As a part of strategic plan over the long term, the global airline manufacturing company has decided to focus on the proc ess of restructuring its production operations by outsourcing them to various countries and emerging markets around the world (Raghu, â€Å"Boeing to buy products worth $600 mn from seven Indian companies†). It is important to note that by focusing on outsourcing the production of various key components, the airline company has attempted to lower the cost of productions, which will help the company to

'The Future Of Feminism' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

'The Future Of Feminism' - Essay Example Review Of 'The Future Of Feminism' The reason that this student fully integrates with the information that Kerbera and DeHart presented is due to the fact that the historical record proves that the level of development and individual freedoms that women were able to enjoy immediately after winning the right to vote, as well as several decades into the future, was not nearly to the range or depth that the original movement had hoped for or anticipated. One of the largest causal factors with relation to this was the fact that the women who were tasked with carrying forward this early gender revolution were necessarily constrained by the mores and norms of the time. Rather than being able to definitively demonstrate a level of freedom and choice, these women were oftentimes unwilling or unready to continue the struggle against the high level of patriarchal society that existed within that time. Moreover, with regards to the idea that many women believed that they were in position to choose freely, the reality of the situ ation was that many of the freedoms that this generation of women believed they could engage with were newly one is still seemingly unbelievable. Accordingly, the desire and need to continue to press the revolution forward and demand equal and greater rights was constrained by a level of satisfaction with regards the sacrifices and victories of the past.In such a way, the statement that Douglass and McCarthy make significantly reinforces the traditional understanding of how gender roles were understood by both groups involved in this process of change, consideration, and resistance to revolution. PART II # 3 One of the most interesting dynamics with regards to the way in which feminism has been understood is with respect to the way in which the woman’s role within the workforce has continually morphed and re-evolved as extant needs within the workforce have been noted. The generation of the flappers saw a situation in which women have the right to vote; however, they were not typically expected nor particularly well represented within the workforce of the time. However, even the very small inclusion of women within the workforce of the 1920s saw a dramatic increase with regards to the workforce of the Depression years. Due to the fact that the Great Depression necessarily constrained the entire economy, it forced every able-bodied individual to do their very best as a means of providing for themselves and their families. Such a reality encourage women to enter into the workforce as a means of providing for themselves and lessening the economic hardships that were very much a reality of that time. However, once the depression years and more or less drawn to a close, women were once again pushed out of labor and encouraged to behave in the way that â€Å"proper women† should behave; tending families and focusing upon child rearing as the main goal and reality of their lives. However, before this particular approach could set in, World War II was so on a reality. As a function of this, all unavailable labor was encouraged into the factories and production plants around the nation. This, perhaps more than any other factor, was one of the defining moments in which women were able to finally break free of many of the gender norms of the era. Due to the fact that the war years lasted for over half a decade, the stereotypes and mores of the era were fundamentally changed and rewritten. Yet, once again, after was complete, and the men had returned home from war, women were expected back into the home and to seek raising families as the ultimate object of their desire. Once again, the â€Å"pawns† of the economy were highlighted. In this way, the need of the current era was the ultimate driving force with regards to how women were viewed in what was considered proper at any given time. PART III #6

Narrow streets Essay Example for Free

Narrow streets Essay Dickens shows us that although Louisa and Tom have been repressed and behave dutifully, they still have normal, natural feelings. Louisa is even allowed to express a little of her resentment and rebellion in her reply to her fathers remonstrations when caught watching the circus. This is shown again when Dickens describes the incident when Bounderby asks Louisa for a kiss. Even Tom is described as sulkily remonstrating with her but it is made clear that Louisa is the stronger character. In these ways Dickens takes us below the factual surface of the incidents and we glimpse the childrens true feelings for a moment. How does Dickens want readers to react to his description of Coketown in Ch. 5?  We are introduced to Coketown in the most emotive language. Once again the very name gives the smoky, smelly picture of COKE-town. The adjectives and comparisons he chooses are, like Gradgrind and Bounderby, overbearing and filled with a feeling of all-pervading grimness and practicality. He uses metaphor to connote the fires of hell (serpents of smoke, melancholy madness) and the theme of monotony and unrelenting repetition is continued through his description of the motion of machinery and the lay-out of the town. Once again repetition of the word fact, often ironically, gives the feeling of flatness and unnatural lack of human interest or feeling in the town. This leads the reader to feel a horror of this evil smelling place in which so many poor, working people are not only emotionally repressed, but also physically crushed tightly together in narrow streets. The opening pages are a social comment on the difference between the abject monotony and poverty of the people working in the mills and the relative comfort of their employers. He uses heavy irony and humour in describing the activities of the people of the town drawing a parallel between their degree of choice and their financial status. While the self-righteous wealthy citizens can indulge themselves in worthy, self-righteous activities such as church going and tea-parties, the listless poor, exhausted by their daily toil, would get drunk and took opium. However, living in Coketown, both sets of people are constrained to deny any natural feelings or enjoyment, as life was pragmatic, monotonous and based on Facts (with a capital F). Then suddenly, amidst all this pragmatic boredom, he introduces a band of cheerful, caring, visiting travellers in the form of the circus entertainers; people who have not been choked by the Coketown utilitarian ethic. Dickens professes ironic amusement at their simplicity and sentimentality whilst collusively encouraging the reader to join with him in valuing these humanitarian precepts. What have you learned about Mr Bounderby in Chs. 4 and 5?  From his initial appearance Dickens shows us that Mr Bounderby is somewhat like Mr Gradgrind; he first appears (namelessly) at Gradgrinds side in the schoolroom. Later, when the children are discovered peeping through the circus tent, Gradgrind admonishes What would Mr Bounderby say several times to emphasise the impression that Bounderby is disapproving, self-righteous and opinionated yet holds a position of social power. Dickens tells us that he is a rich man, a banker, merchant, manufacturer and what not and by this last expression (and what not) mocks the pompousness of these occupations. He uses irony in inflated like a balloon and Bully of humility to reduce Bounderby to nothing of any value. The words given to Bounderby are always simultaneously self-deprecating and yet self-congratulatory as he continually reminds us of his humble beginnings, beginnings that Dickens allows him to exaggerate beyond any possibility of belief. The adjectives applied to Bounderby are even more cold and hard than those used to describe Gradgrind and we are left with an impression of complete heartlessness. Thus, through the devices of irony, exaggeration, metaphor and emotive, derogatory adjectives we understand that Bounderby is a bounder in every sense; dishonest, self-interested pompous, self-absorbed and not to be trusted. Above all he believes, as does Gradgrind, in the sole value of facts and lacks any natural human feelings